![]() After returning to Fort Gordon and Woody's military retirement, they both came back home to Hanover. There, she worked as a "civilian" in a military veterinary clinic. She caught the eye of a fellow soldier, Woody, and after marrying, she traveled with him to Giebelstadt, Germany. She returned there after a year-long assignment in Seoul, South Korea. Trained as an animal care specialist at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, she was later stationed at Fort Gordon, GA. Jo is a Hanover native and proud Army veteran. Veterinary Assistant, Feline Specialist, Laboratory Equipment Support LaFaver is very excited to have taken over ownership of Clearview Animal Hospital in April of 2021 and looks forward to many more years of working with Hanover's pets! When she is not at the clinic, Dorie enjoys spending time with her family and her own pets (a bunny named Jack and a Chihuahua named Siggy), reading, cooking/baking and doing crafts. She is originally from the Reading area, but she and her family have called Hanover their home since moving from Ohio in 1998. She loves helping all furry pets, including bunnies, guinea pigs and other "pocket pets", feel better and stay healthy. She did her undergraduate studies in Animal Sciences at the University of Maryland in College Park - Go Terps! She enjoys all aspects of her job, but especially educating clients on preventative care and performing soft tissue surgery. LaFaver has been an associate veterinarian with Clearview Animal Hospital since she graduated from The Ohio State University of Veterinary Medicine in 1998 (O-H.I-O). degree in Animal Science from the University of Maryland (1993.), DVM degree from The Ohio State University (1998).ĭr. Read More Read more on > BLOG Traveling With Fido The holidays are coming up fast! Are you planning to travel to spend time with loved ones, or perhaps enjoy a vacation? If so, you may want to take your Read More Ultrasounds For Pets Here at Clearview Veterinary Hospital, we strive to offer the best veterinary care possible.B.S. We recently moved back home to the New Orleans area and based off of the excellent reviews, I selected Clearview Vet as my new vet office for my 17 year old. Clearview Veterinary Hospital has been caring for my family pets for more than 20 years. Stop by our Metairie and New Orleans clinic and experience the difference for yourself! Request Appointment Shop Online! Sign Up To Get Our App WHAT YOUR NEIGHBORS SAY Read our Reviews! Rebecca J. ![]() Many of these things are hard to pronounce, let alone understand. Nutrition & Weight Management If you’ve ever read the back of your pet’s food package, you know how many ingredients there are. ![]() The result is exceptional, individualized care you simply won’t find anywhere else in the Metairie or New Orleans area. Over the years, we’ve managed to strike the perfect balance between state-of-the-art medicine and relationship-building. Whether it’s a topical problem, like a hot spot or rash, or something more in-depth like an infection, the symptoms can be unpleasant. Allergies & Dermatology There are many different ailments that can affect a companion animal’s skin. Cozy blankets, toys and treats, friendly conversation – anything it takes to make you both feel comfortable and at ease. ![]() What about our animal family members? Don’t they deserve the same high level of personalized, compassionate care? At Clearview Veterinary Hospital, we certainly think so! In fact, we’ve built a solid reputation in the Metairie and New Orleans area based on how we treat our clients and their furry friends. When people choose a doctor, they look for good bedside manner. At Clearview Veterinary Hospital, we believe the best way to ensure this happens is by making a commitment to their ongoing wellness. Click here for up-to-date information WELCOME A Special Vet for you & your Four-Legged Friend in Metairie and New Orleans, LA! Wellness & Vaccinations Welcome to your Metairie and New Orleans veterinarian! As loving pet parents, we want our animal companions by our side for as many years as possible. 50 Online Store Clearview Veterinary Hospital is ready to provide for the healthcare needs of your pet.
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![]() To renew a Tinted Window Medical Waiver, a new application signed by the physician within 6 months of submitting the application must be sent in, along with a photocopy of the vehicle registration(s). Once the application is approved, a waiver is granted for two years. This information may be faxed to the DMV at (603) 271-7800, or mailed to: The applicant is allowed to have up to two (2) vehicles listed on the waiver. Pursuant Saf-C 2500, persons wishing to apply for Tinted Window Medical Waiver for the windshield must submit an application dated within six (6) months, along with photocopies of the vehicle registration(s) that require tinting. Persons who require for medical reasons after market tinting on the windshield may apply for a special permit pursuant to RSA 266:61-a. Tinted Window Medical Waiver Application Process Windows that are allowed to be tinted with a Waiver? After-market tinting may be applied to the windshield of a vehicle with not less than 70 percent light transmittance. Windows that are allowed to be tinted without a Waiver? After-market tinting may be applied to the windows to the left and right of the driver, with not less than 70 percent light transmittance, and the rear windows of a vehicle, with not less than 35 percent light transmittance. Where after market tinting is applied to windows to the rear of the driver, outside rear view mirrors shall be required on both the left and right side of the vehicle for the use of the driver and a front seat passenger. It shall be unlawful to sell or inspect any motor vehicle in this state which has after market tinting on the windshield, or to drive on any way any motor vehicle registered in this state which has after market tinting on the windshield. Pursuant to New Hampshire law, RSA 266:58-a, tinting to the windows to the left and right of the driver where they are allowed shall not be less than 70 percent light transmittance, and the light transmittance of after market tinted rear windows where they are allowed shall not be less than 35 percent. Real ID: Required Documents for Application (DSMV 634A).Duplicate Certificate of Title Application (TDMV 18).Duplicate Driver’s License or Non-Driver ID Application (DSMV 637).Driver’s License Application (DSMV 450).Motor Vehicle Records Request (DSMV 505).Address or Name Change Request (DSMV 30).FAQs – Driver Licenses/Non Driver IDs/CDL.Apply For Your First Drivers License/Non Driver ID.Duplicate Driver License or Non Driver ID.Renew a Driver License/CDL/Non Driver ID. ![]() ![]() For extra flavor, you can also make dedicated recipes with them.Īny way you choose to cook them, Vienna sausages can become a delicious snack or a delicious meal you can quickly and easily put together. The microwave, stove, oven, grill, or air fryer are just some ways of cooking your Vienna sausages. Commonly boiled or grilled to fill in bread topped with ketchup, mustard, and fried onions, a hot dog, is one of many things you can do with a Vienna sausage. With these tips, you can enjoy Vienna sausages in a variety of delicious meals.You might know Vienna sausages as frankfurters or hot dog sausages. Make sure to choose the right bread and toppings for your sandwiches, add side dishes and condiments for flavor, and create a hearty stew to warm up on a cold day. From sandwiches to stews, there are plenty of delicious recipes to choose from. Vienna sausages are a convenient and tasty food that can be enjoyed in many different ways. Serve warm with a side of crusty bread and enjoy! Conclusion Let the stew simmer until the vegetables are tender and the flavors have had a chance to mingle. Potatoes, carrots, celery, and mushrooms are all great additions. Once you’ve chosen your soup base, add your Vienna sausages and any other desired ingredients. You can use broth, tomato sauce, or even cream of mushroom soup. Making a hearty Vienna sausage stew is a great way to warm up on a cold day. Making a Hearty Vienna Sausage Stew Making a Hearty Vienna Sausage Stew This will make it look more appetizing and inviting. Presentation is key when it comes to snacking, so don’t forget to plate your snack in an attractive way. Adding crackers, chips, or pretzels to your snack can help round out the meal. Once heated, you can enjoy them as is, or top them with your favorite condiments. Start by heating up the sausages in the microwave or on the stovetop. Vienna sausages make for a great quick and simple snack. Serve warm and enjoy! Enjoying Vienna Sausages as a Quick and Simple Snack Enjoying Vienna Sausages as a Quick and Simple Snack Top with the vegetables and bake for 30 minutes. Start with a layer of Vienna sausages, followed by a layer of soup and cheese. Then, layer the ingredients in a baking dish. Once you have your ingredients, preheat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. You’ll need Vienna sausages, canned soup, cheese, and a variety of vegetables. Creating an Easy and Tasty Vienna Sausage CasseroleĬreating an easy and tasty Vienna sausage casserole is a great way to enjoy this versatile food. Finally, don’t forget to add condiments like ketchup, mustard, and relish to give your meal a little extra kick. Try pairing Vienna sausages with roasted potatoes, carrots, and onions for a flavorful side dish. Adding vegetables is another great way to add flavor and nutrition to your meal. Choose a cheese that has a strong flavor, such as cheddar or pepper jack, to really enhance the flavor of the sausages. Cheese pairs well with Vienna sausages and can be added to sandwiches, casseroles, and stews. Finally, top off your sandwich with your Vienna sausages and you’re good to go! Spicing Up Your Vienna Sausages with Side Dishes Spicing Up Your Vienna Sausages with Side DishesĪdding side dishes to your Vienna sausage meal can take it from ordinary to extraordinary. You can also add condiments like mayonnaise and mustard for additional flavor. Consider adding lettuce, tomato, onion, and pickles to your sandwich for added flavor and texture. Once you’ve chosen your bread, it’s time to select your toppings. For a healthier option, opt for whole wheat bread, which is high in fiber and provides more nutrients than white bread. It should be soft enough to hold all of your toppings without falling apart. Creating a Delicious Vienna Sausage SandwichĬreating a delicious Vienna sausage sandwich is a simple and quick way to enjoy this tasty treat. They are also an excellent source of iron, zinc, and B vitamins. Eating Vienna sausage can be beneficial as they are low in calories and fat, high in protein, and provide essential vitamins and minerals. They come in small cans and usually have a mild flavor. Vienna sausages are a type of processed meat product made from pork, beef, or a combination of both. Casserole, Recipes, Sandwich, Snack, Stew, Vienna Sausage Introduction ![]() Searching for the report is free, there's a nominal charge for the actual report. Search official records to identify accident reports. Reproduce freely with attribution.Aroostook, Cumberland, Hancock, Kennebec, Knox, Lincoln, Oxford, Piscataquis, Sagadahoc, Washington, York County, Maine If it is transferred to Somerset Superior Court, a hearing would be held later in the year, he said.Īny original material on these pages is copyright © 2004. 23 arraignment if the case remains in Skowhegan District Court, he said. A hearing could be held as early as six weeks from the Jan. "We sought impoundment in order to minimize the level of pretrial publicity associated with this case," District Attorney Evert Fowle said later in the day.īecause the charges are misdemeanors, the case likely will not go to the grand jury, according to Fowle. The motion to impound states that an ongoing investigation exists and early publication of the information would make it difficult to impanel a jury. About an hour later, Judge Charles LaVerdiere approved a motion by the district attorney's office to impound the document. The affidavit was made available briefly Wednesday morning. Since news of the arrest became public, many members of the community have defended Gleason as a good man with a history of public service. He was the town's recreation director, and then a coach prior to becoming assistant principal and athletic director.įollowing his release from jail on Sunday, Gleason resigned his position as pastor of the Maranatha Assembly on Church Street in Anson. Gleason has worked closely with the area's youth for more than three decades. Later in the day, the boy and his father met with Gottardi. The next day, the boy's mother reported the incident to the sheriff's office. Once in the boy's yard, Gleason reportedly told the boy they could take a longer route the next time he gave him a ride home. The startled boy did not reply, nor did he know what to do, the court document states.Īccording to the affidavit, the boy said Gleason then touched and fondled him. Gleason then began talking about the hair on the boy's "tummy," and asked the boy if he could rub it. Gleason then pulled the boy toward him, hugged him, called him his "buddy" and briefly placed his hand on the boy's leg, the affidavit states. Following the game, Gleason gave him a ride back home, and the two were alone. 21, as Gleason gave the boy a ride home following a Carrabec basketball game.Īccording to the affidavit, Gleason, driving a pickup truck, picked the boy up at home so the boy could help him set the gym up for the game. The incident allegedly occurred on the night of Dec. Gleason went on to tell the boy he thought he was "good-looking," that he really cared about him and that he probably should not have touched him. Gottardi was present during the call, made to Gleason's cell phone.ĭuring the phone conversation, Gleason admitted "in part and substance" to touching the boy's penis, but said he did not want the boy to tell anyone, the affidavit states. The document details that, earlier that day, police recorded the boy calling Gleason at his home. Gottardi obtained an arrest warrant for Gleason on Dec. Gottardi II, a Somerset County Sheriff's Department detective, filed the affidavit. School Administrative District 74 has placed the Carrabec assistant principal and athletic director on administrative leave, and he has stepped down from his position as pastor of Maranatha Assembly in Anson. The Anson resident is scheduled to make his first court appearance Jan. Gleason, 60, is free on $1,500 cash bail on charges of unlawful sexual conduct and sexual abuse of a minor. SKOWHEGAN - Police taped a phone conversation in which Carrabec High School administrator and church pastor Frank "Skip" Gleason admitted to sexual contact with a 15-year-old male student, according to an affidavit filed in Skowhegan District Court. Police Say They Have Gleason Admission on Tape Police Say They Have Gleason Admission on Tape, Morning Sentinel, ![]() Now that we have your own personalized deck of flashcards created, we can focus on the activities. Quiz yourself by asking the questions on the front of the flashcards. There is a ton of flexibility in how you can use them, and that is precisely what I want to talk about today, so let’s dive in. You can quiz yourself and do something light, or set a timer and put the pressure on. With flashcards, you can really have fun with your study activities. You can use them on the go, with friends, and even with a study group the possibilities are nearly endless. Flashcards are an opportunity to step away from your desk and study anywhere. 10 ways to use flashcards to boost your study session.Īdding flashcards is a fun, active recall activity that you can use to boost nearly any study session. What you focused on in your notes and took away from your textbook is what you will concentrate on.īy creating your deck of cards directly from your textbook, you will be able to design a study strategy focused on your strength and confidence level with the material. This will make what you quiz yourself on directly related to what you study in that class. ![]() After completing the final copy of your notes, go through and pull all the important terms and points from them.Ĭreate a deck of flashcards specific to your study needs. Use class and textbook notes as a guide when creating your flashcards. It also helps to test how quickly and confidently the information can be retrieved, which is imperative during test time. The purpose is not to memorize the answers verbatim but to be able to explain a concept or answer a question when asked. This means you are not only testing if you remember the material under study but can also retrieve it coherently. This is important in many areas of study because it tests the strength of your memory associated with each concept and how fast you can answer it.Īre Flashcards better than notes? To answer simply, yes. When using flashcards, you usually shuffle through reading the question and testing yourself by answering it from memory. On one side of the card, there is generally a prompt or a question, while the other side holds the answer. Several programs can also help you create flashcards in a digital format for your phone or tablet. They are usually on 5 x 3-inch rectangular pieces of cardstock. Download it here.įlashcards are small cue-style cards used to test your memory and recall on a given topic. There are more than 20 study activities and eight templates to help you organize and plan your study strategy for every class. If you are looking to make a study guide that is actually useful and structured, don’t forget to download my free study planner and activity tracker. This is probably because the flexibility and versatility of these tools are often ignored. Flashcards are highly effective, but a lot of students overlook them. These strategies will help you to improve recall and create memory cues that you can rely on during test time. Let’s discuss 10 fantastic ways to use flashcards to boost your study session. Understandably, they can get boring after a while. They require little to no setup and do not cause a mess.įlashcards have many uses if used correctly, they are an excellent tool for memorizing the information you need. They come in endless forms, from physical cards that you make yourself all the way to pre-programmed digital ones. These study tools are incredibly portable, so they are terrific on the go.
![]() Such a glowing reputation is now under threat thanks to her coverage of the polarizing Trump administration. She worked for the likes of CNBC and made history as the first TV journalist to report live from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Maria Bartiromoįor several years, Maria Bartiromo built a formidable reputation as a financial reporter per excellence. The man however remained resolute in front of all this barrage and his flagship program, Morning Joe, continues to top the ratings. Trump also sought to resurrect a long-discredited theory that Joe was somehow responsible for the death of one of his congressional aides in 2001. The 45th American president once referred to Scarborough as Psyche Joe, and his co-host (and coincidentally his wife), Mika Brzezinski, as low I.Q Mika. Such outspokenness has drawn the ire of the Trump-led administration on several occasions. ![]() Joe ScarboroughĪ former congressman-turned-journalist, Scarborough is never afraid to give his two cents on burning issues in the American polity. The report was aired in June 2020 and many slammed Baier and Fox for not giving enough context to the graphic. ![]() Baier has largely managed to avoid the controversies that plague most of his colleagues but he did draw criticism for the airing of a chart which suggested that the stock market often rises during the social upheaval that trails the killing of unarmed black men in America. He also hosts his own news and political commentary show known as Special Report with Bret Baier. Baier is the chief political correspondent for the network. Bret BaierĪnother Fox personality who ranks amongst the highest-paid news anchors in the world is Bret Baier. When he persisted in what he believed to be the truth, the network executives reassigned him from his signature show in a bid to muzzle him. According to him, nothing was done about his complaints and he was even told that he might lose his job. Pelley has since come out to reveal that his ordeal had to do with the fact that he complained about the hostile environment at the network. He was however unceremoniously sacked from it and re-assigned to another show in 2017. That reign saw the show achieve its highest ratings and so Pelley came to be a household name. Maddow was also bestowed with an honorary doctorate of laws degree by Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, in 2010.įans of the popular CBS news show, Evening News, would fondly remember Pelley for the six years that he capably hosted the show. She has also received numerous other accolades such as the Gracie Award of 2009 and the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Journalism – Newsmagazine (2010). ![]() Her flagship work, The Rachel Maddow Show, has fetched her not less than three Emmy awards. From radio to television, and the print media, this liberal-minded personality has forged a career that most of her peers can only dream of. It doesn’t come as a surprise that Rachel Maddow makes it to the list of the highest-paid news anchors in the world. This has helped Fox to maintain its position as the leading cable news network in America and as such, they keep on rewarding him with juicy pay. Several corporate sponsors have heeded these words and withdrawn their ads from his show, Tucker Carlson Tonight, but the show keeps on dominating ratings. He has been accused of making unfavourable remarks about immigrants, Muslims, women, and people of color, and many have called for him to be boycotted or sacked. TV Network – Fox News Channel Image Sourceįox News Personalities naturally attract controversies with their perspectives but Tucker Carlson takes his to a whole new level with his provocative comments. These are The Highest-Paid News Anchors and Their Salaries 15. The networks often scramble to keep these personalities happy, with fat paychecks, with the result that you have some of them making more than your average movie star and living like one as well. They also collect several awards in the process thus becoming a brand unto themselves. They regularly cover big news stories and get to rub shoulders with the newsmakers. On the other side of the divide though, you have personalities that have distinguished themselves with their work. The journalism industry is notorious for its poor remuneration and as such, you have professionals who spend much of their career making an average income. ![]() Once you establish the connection, your real IP address is replaced with the VPN’s IP address.Īll the data passing through an established VPN connection is encoded and appears as gibberish to any entity that tries to monitor it. When using a VPN protection, our request is rerouted, so it goes through a VPN server first. Data compiled is called a digital footprint, and it poses a significant danger to our online security.įrom the moment we try and connect to a website, our internet service provider receives the request and redirects us to the destination. Whenever we go online, we leave a digital trail behind. This article will help you understand how VPN clients work and what to look for when choosing one for yourself. There are many factors to consider when choosing the right VPN. A VPN can help you access geo-blocked content, and it’s an excellent tool for protecting your online identity. This tunnel hides your traffic from outsiders and conceals your real IP address. A VPN client makes it appear as if you’re browsing from another location by creating a point-to-point tunnel between your computer and a VPN server. VPN stands for a virtual private network, a service that encrypts your internet traffic and routes it through a server in a different location. But what is a VPN, and how does it help you? If you’re concerned about your online privacy or just looking for a way to browse the internet anonymously, chances are you’ve already heard the term VPN. The opinions expressed in the comment section do not reflect those of DataProt. Some pages may include user-generated content in the comment section. Our website also includes reviews of products or services for which we do not receive monetary compensation.ĭataProt's in-house writing team writes all the site’s content after in-depth research, and advertisers have no control over the personal opinions expressed by team members, whose job is to stay faithful to the truth and remain objective. DataProt is an independent review site dedicated to providing accurate information about various cybersecurity products.ĭataProt remains financially sustainable by participating in a series of affiliate partnerships - it is visitors’ clicks on links that cover the expenses of running this site. ![]() ![]() Potentially a new classic and makes good use of the Flappy Bird tad tired of jumping, our tireless hero Doodle the Doodler grabs his favorite jetpack and joins a semi-illegal jetpack drag race through the treacherous canyons of Doodlandia with one single objective - WIN!ĭominate the global and friends leaderboards by winning as many races as you possibly can in this addictive real-time four-person multiplayer game. I pretty much can't put this game down, it's so much fun! I like watching as my global ranking goes up and up. It is like flappy bird, but multiplayer. Thanks for playing!!!!! And thanks for your REVIEWS: We are adding more cool content - levels, outfits, powerups! We are working on a feature where you can play against your friends!ģ. We are working around the clock to improve the speed of connection!Ģ. We hear your comments loud and clear! So:ġ. Doodle Jump 8.1.0.7 for Windows Requirements: Windows 8 Language: English Available languages: English, German License: Free Latest update: Saturday, September 11th 2021 Author: DoodleJump Doodle Jump for PC 8.1.0. Tilt to move left or right, tap the screen to shoot.Īs seen on TV, movies, late-night and on tour with one of the most famous pop stars in the world, find out why Doodle Jump is a true cultural phenomenon.In celebration of Doodle Jump's fifth anniversary we've created this simple mini-game. Play Doodle Jump online Doodle Jump is playable online as an HTML5 game, therefore no download is necessary. Global leaderboards, fun achievements! Beat your friends’ scores! Doodle Jump is available to play for free. NEW! - More than 100 missions to complete for rewards Mad platforms to jump on (Broken, moving, disappearing, shifting, EXPLODING…) Trippy obstacles to avoid (UFOs, black holes, and many, many monstrous monsters) Ěwesome power-ups to pick-up (JET PACKs, PROPELLER HATS, ROCKETS, trampolines.) The superbly simple gameplay remains: tilt your device to hop up an endless series of platforms, blasting bad guys, grabbing power-ups, and making your mark on a global leaderboard. Many fantastical worlds to play in - Ninja, Space, Jungle, Soccer, Underwater, Snow, Halloween, Frozen Ice, Easter and Pirates! One of the App Store’s early sensations, Doodle Jump HD has only improved with age. In Doodle Jump, you guide Doodle the Doodlerusing some of the most subtle and accurate tilt controls in existenceon a springy journey up, up, up a sheet of graph paper, picking up jet packs, avoiding black holes, and blasting baddies with nose balls along the way. ![]() And be warned: this game is insanely addictive! Laugh with delight as you blow past other players' actual score markers scribbled in the margins. Travel with the cartoon character as high as possible This jumping upwards game will test your reaction speed and hopping skills. Journey up a sheet of graph paper, perpetually jumping from one platform to the next, picking up jet packs, avoiding black holes, and blasting baddies with nose balls along the way. See for yourself why Touch Arcade called Doodle Jump “possibly the best game ever created” and Macworld called it “a perfect micro-game, insanely addictive, and deliciously replayable.” One of the hottest mobile games of all time! Easy to pick up and play. Named Best of 2015 by Google Play editors! Thank you for all of your support. Doodle Jump original 108 Tiktok Stacking Blocks Challenge Game 4 Knife Hit on Chrome 6 Trains.io 3D Game 5 Pacman Game Offline for Google Chrome 6 Zombie Mayhem Offline Game 3 Sky Fighter Game 4. ![]() At present, 22 Cytospora species have been reported from apple trees as causal agents of apple canker and dieback disease worldwide (Anonymous 1960, Ershad 2009, Mehrabi et al. A search of MycoBank (October 2020, revealed 634 legitimate names while a search of Index Fungorum (October 2020, lists 662 names. According to one fungus one name (1F=1N), the generic name Cytospora has been recommended for use over Leucocytospora, Leucostoma, Valsa, Valsella and Valseutypella (Rossman et al. 2002), all of which were considered as synonyms of Valsa (Adams et al. It is considered as asexual morph of several genera such as Leucocytospora, Leucostoma, Valsa, Valsella and Valseutypella (Fries 1823, Saccardo 1884, Spielman 1985, Adams et al. The genus Cytospora ( Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) was introduced by Ehrenberg (1818) with C. The pathogen extensively invades host phloem and xylem tissues, causing formation of cankers on the main stems, twigs and branches, affect the cultivation, productivity and longevity of trees and severely limits the development of apple industry (Tamura & Saito 1982, Fotouhifar et al. Moreover, these species are reported as new records for the mycobiota of Iran.Īpple Cytospora canker which is commonly caused by different species of Cytospora Ehrenb., is one of the most important and destructive diseases of apples ( Malus spp.) worldwide (Ashkan & Hedjaroude 1993, Lee et al. salicina are reported for the first time as causal agents of apple canker disease. This study indicated the presence of different Cytospora species causing apple canker, dieback and decline disease in the studied area. ![]() Re-isolation and identification of the inoculated fungi confirmed Koch’s postulates. paratranslucens were only pathogenic on ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivar. salicina caused characteristic lesions on both ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivars, while isolates of C. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached branches of ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivars. Combination of morphological and cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer region of the nrDNA (ITS-rDNA) and parts of large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU), actin (ACT) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were used to accurate delimitation of fungal species. In a recent survey on apple orchards showing stem canker, dieback and decline symptoms in West Azerbayjan province, Iran, several fungal isolates with typical characteristics of the genus Cytospora were obtained. |
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