![]() At present, 22 Cytospora species have been reported from apple trees as causal agents of apple canker and dieback disease worldwide (Anonymous 1960, Ershad 2009, Mehrabi et al. A search of MycoBank (October 2020, revealed 634 legitimate names while a search of Index Fungorum (October 2020, lists 662 names. According to one fungus one name (1F=1N), the generic name Cytospora has been recommended for use over Leucocytospora, Leucostoma, Valsa, Valsella and Valseutypella (Rossman et al. 2002), all of which were considered as synonyms of Valsa (Adams et al. It is considered as asexual morph of several genera such as Leucocytospora, Leucostoma, Valsa, Valsella and Valseutypella (Fries 1823, Saccardo 1884, Spielman 1985, Adams et al. The genus Cytospora ( Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) was introduced by Ehrenberg (1818) with C. The pathogen extensively invades host phloem and xylem tissues, causing formation of cankers on the main stems, twigs and branches, affect the cultivation, productivity and longevity of trees and severely limits the development of apple industry (Tamura & Saito 1982, Fotouhifar et al. Moreover, these species are reported as new records for the mycobiota of Iran.Īpple Cytospora canker which is commonly caused by different species of Cytospora Ehrenb., is one of the most important and destructive diseases of apples ( Malus spp.) worldwide (Ashkan & Hedjaroude 1993, Lee et al. salicina are reported for the first time as causal agents of apple canker disease. This study indicated the presence of different Cytospora species causing apple canker, dieback and decline disease in the studied area. ![]() Re-isolation and identification of the inoculated fungi confirmed Koch’s postulates. paratranslucens were only pathogenic on ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivar. salicina caused characteristic lesions on both ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivars, while isolates of C. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached branches of ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivars. Combination of morphological and cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer region of the nrDNA (ITS-rDNA) and parts of large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU), actin (ACT) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were used to accurate delimitation of fungal species. In a recent survey on apple orchards showing stem canker, dieback and decline symptoms in West Azerbayjan province, Iran, several fungal isolates with typical characteristics of the genus Cytospora were obtained.
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